Several inventions are focused on the new blade. The aim of proposed inventive blade and respective turbine is to increase the blade performance of horizontal and vertical axis wind turbine, hydrokinetic turbines, helicopter and airplane propellers and wings and of the under water wings, as well. The blade cross section is airfoil shaped (twisted or not) and is applicable for ducted and no ducted machines.

The main advantage of the invented blade is a special design that exploits three types of rotational forces:

1.      Air / hydro jet forces

2.      Aerodynamic / hydrodynamic lift

3.      Helpful drag forces

The specific advantages of the jet blades of wind and hydro turbine are: easy self start because of redirecting (by blade) incoming flow to tangential rotational jet stream

 and conversion of the part of centrifugal forces to tangential rotational jet streams .That is why the new jet blades are helping in both easy start and effective turbine rotation.

As an example of JET BLADE   VAWT see the video here. An example of JET BLADE turbines in under water hydrokinetic power plant see here.

Advantages of Crossed Blade Turbine Rotor - Patent pending

The advantages of the crossed blade turbine rotor, according to the invention consist in achieving high degree of mechanical robustness, due to the firmer construction, owing to the Х-like shape of the blades.

The second advantage of the turbine, according to the invention, is the hollow blades, which give the possibility of self-starting at low speeds of the fluid stream as well to be effective in transformation of the kinetic energy on the fluid stream into useful mechanical energy, in large range of speeds of the flow and in higher turbulence of the fluid inside.

The blades of the turbine, according to the invention, can be mounted at the brims of more than one coaxial rings around the central turbine shaft, as some of the rings, for example, to be with regular or helical twisted blades as on the conventional Darrious turbines.

The twisted Х-like blades rise the mechanical robustness of the turbine and its efficiency in a large range of speeds of the stream, and the bigger number of rotor rings increase the revolving moment of the turbine, which allows its self-starting at very low speeds of the fluid stream.

The low frontal resistance of the turbine with  Х-like blades, according to the invention, allows it to be mounted on existing fundaments, as different types of buildings, pylons for electric energy and electrified railroad nets, pylons for telecommunication antennas, chimney-stacks, siloses and other industrial and domestic constructions and facilities as well as on water based ships, pontoons and another floating platforms.

According to the invention, the crossed blade turbine rotor, can find application in the frames of a group of such turbines with a common gear and common electric generator. Thus the price of the derived energy will be reduced additionally.

Advantages of the Hybrid Wind / Water Turbine - Patent pending

The present inventions pertain generally to systems and methods for converting fluid flow energy into mechanical energy. More particularly, the present invention pertains to water turbines. The present invention is particularly, but not exclusively, useful as a water turbine that is operable at relatively low head pressures. A turbine can perhaps best be described as a machine in which the kinetic energy of a moving fluid is converted to mechanical power. Specifically, for the turbine, this conversion is accomplished by the impulse or reaction of the moving fluid with a series of buckets, paddles, or blades that are arrayed about the circumference of a wheel or cylinder.

One type of turbine, the water turbine, converts a portion of the kinetic energy in a flowing stream of water into mechanical energy. Typically, the water flow results from an elevational difference between the water that is upstream from the turbine and the water that is downstream from the turbine. This difference in elevation is often referred to as "head pressure" or just "head".

One of the earliest water turbines, the simple waterwheel, was conceived of and used as far back as 2,000 years ago. The form of the mechanical power that was output from these early devices was a simple rotating shaft. This mechanical power could be used directly via belts and pulleys to power mechanical machines such as presses and pumps. Modernly, the primary use of water turbines is for the generation of electric power. Nearly all hydroelectric power is currently generated using dams. By temporarily impeding the flow of water with a dam, a relatively large head pressure can be established. This large head pressure, in turn, can be used to produce a relatively large amount of electrical power using a water turbine. In the recent past, engineering efforts have concentrated primarily on the design of water turbines that are efficient at the relatively large head pressures that are developed using a dam.

The use of dams to create electricity is not without its disadvantages. To begin, dams can be extremely expensive to build. In addition, the construction of a dam typically has an adverse environmental impact both upstream and downstream from the dam. Specifically, this can include disruption of fragile ecosystems and a decrease in water quality. The present invention recognizes that it may be desirable to produce electricity from the water flowing in a stream, river or tributary without the construction of a dam. This necessarily entails the efficient conversion of a relatively low head pressure fluid flow into mechanical energy.

The advantages of the hybrid vertical axial turbine, according to the invention, consist in achieving high degree of transformation of the kinetic energy of the fluid stream into useful mechanical energy, its work in larger range of fluid speeds and in higher turbulence of the fluid inside, as well as the possibility, which it gives for module construction. The low frontal resistance of the hybrid turbine, according to the invention, allows it to be mounted on existing fundaments, as different types of buildings, pylons for electric energy and electrified railroad nets, pylons for telecommunication antennas, chimney-stacks, siloses and other industrial and domestic constructions and facilities as well as on water based ships, pontoons and another floating platforms.According to the invention, the hybrid vertical axial turbine, can find application in the frames of a group of such turbines with a common gear and common electric generator. Thus the price of the derived energy will be reduced additionally

The investments for constructions and installation works at installing hydroelectric power stations, with turbines, according to the invention, are low not only regarding the low prime costs of the turbines, but because it’s not necessary to be built catchments, dams or dam walls, pressure pipelines etc. as well. At the same time a range of ecological problems are avoided.

The low capital expenses for building of hydroelectric power stations with turbines, according to the invention, their operational conveniences and their ecological advantages, make them pronouncedly competitive investment for all manner of hydro-energy objects, where the kinetic energy of freely flowing water is used for producing of electric energy.

There are similar investment advantages from using the turbine for wind power stations as well.
On these pages you can find many advanced energy solution for urban, industrial, rural and offshore environment. For more innovation see at tonchev.org

Zero head vertical axis turbine  - Patent pending

The present invention refers to zero head water turbine for receiving mechanical energy by transforming the kinetic energy of the wind, the water currents or other not pressured as well as pressured fluid streams. The mechanical energy, which is recieved, is used for production of electric power, pumping water, compression of gasy and liquid fluids fo driving flywheels or another drives as well as for reforming and storage of energy.

Prior art
The use of the kinetic energy of the naturally going fluids is not novelty: the flowing rivers water, the sea and air currents for useful work. For thousands of years, the streams of the rivers and other water streams drive water wheels that transform the energy to the stream in mechanical energy of the shaft of the wheel. In spite of that, aggregates powered by water wheels, are known in the practice long ago and in our days there are a range of patents that advance the primary reformers of energy, but as well systems and components which include such reformers.

Zero head vertical axis turbine for not pressured water streams is known from patent of Canada № CA20042484293. This and all other kinds of vertically axle water turbine, most frequently are placed under water, near by the water surface. It is known that the speed of the water stream on the surface is biggest, but it drops down fast with increasing the depth. The speed on the bottom has in fact zero value. If the horizontal forces that influence on the blades of the vertically axial turbines are proportional on the square of the speed, which means that on the top end of the blades of vertically axial turbines, the water speed is nearly 1. 4 times bigger in comparison with the lower part of the blade, than the horizontal load at the upper part of the blades will be nearly two times bigger, in comparison with the horizontal load at the other (lower) end. This deviation provokes very asymmetric loads in the blades, which has unwelcome mechanical consequences. In principle all turbines, whose shafts are posed vertically in the stream, are subject to such undesired loads not only on their blades, but over their shafts as well, and over the whole construction, which supports the turbine.

In patent publication № WO2006030190 is offered vertical axis Darrious turbine, whose blades are peripherally situate on the perimeter of the rotor and are able to twist during the rotation time. This one and all other kinds of Darious machines rotate due to the aerodynamic /the hydrodynamic force, formed by  blades, whose cross - sectional profiles resemble plane wings - propellers.

The helical turbines, described in U.S. patent № US2001000197 work on the same principle.

According to the last two publications, the disadvantage of these and all similar turbines, is their law efficiency at law speeds of the stream and therefore it’s not appropriate for them to work in sea waves, for example, where the speed of the water during rising and dropping of the wave is low, and at the same time during one wave period the speed has zero value twice (on the highest and on the lowest point).

About the invention
Goal of the present invention is a zero head water turbine that will be effective at low speeds of обтичащия fluid, will be subject to small workloads of the blades, shaft and whole supporting construction, and will have low prime cost.

The main goal is achieved by zero head water turbine, with one or more peripherally mounted blades on common shaft, specified with that shaft is posed horizontally, and cross - sectional on the mainstream, and each of the blades resemble a hollow propeller, which is opened on its elongated part, and its blades are helical twisted over imaginary cylindrical surface, described during the rotation of the inner parts of the blades at the side of the rotor shaft of the turbine.

Advantages of zero head water turbine

The advantages of zero head water turbine, according to the invention, consist in achieving high degree in transformation of the kinetic energy of the fluid stream into useful mechanical energy at low speeds of the water flow, at oscillating water currents as well as tidal and sea waves, its efficient work at a higher turbulence to the mainstream and the possibility it gives for building installations with multitude of such turbines (modules), located side by side, one after another, and one under other in the mainstream as well as with different combinations of the described locations. The shaft of the turbine, which is posed across the stream gives the possibility, that all exertions over the blades as a result of their resistance to the water stream, to be transformed mainly into revolving moment of the shaft of the turbine and to load it and the blades less. With horizontal location of the shaft, the asymmetrical loading over the blades along their length is strongly reduced.

The installations, built of modules of turbines, have lower prime cost for transformed energy unit, because the capacity of each turbine is commensurable with its mass, and hence nearly on its the prime cost as well. The turbines with small diameters turn quicker, which reduces the losses at their multiplications of revolutions, and which also gives the possibility for eliminating the multipliers, and hence the shaft of the turbine is joined directly with low revolutional electric generator/alternator.

The low frontal resistance of the zero head water turbine, according to the invention, allows it to be mounted on existing fundaments, as different types of buildings, quay walls, pontoons and other constructions, facilities and floating platforms.

According to the invention, the zero head turbine, can find application in the frames of a group of such turbines with a common gear and common electric generator/alternator, for example. Thus the price of the derived energy will be reduced additionally.

On these pages you can find many advanced energy solution for urban, industrial, rural and offshore environment.

For more innovation see at http://tonchev.org

Autor and inventor: George Tonchev, Ph.D.

39A/2, Jerusalem Blvd. 1784 Sofia, Copyrights by George Tonchev

Phone/fax +3592 8760 431,+3592 8770 481,+3598 9787 2857, Mail to: mig@bulinfo.net